Technology and Concepts for Joint Sealing - Sika

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1 Technology and Concepts for Joint Sealing Innovation & since Consistency 1 9 1 0

2 Technology and Concepts for Joint Sealing Joint sealants make up only a small portion of the monetary value of a construction project and are often considered as an unimportant detail. Yet, joint sealants play the major role in keeping a building air and water tight and thus prevent damages with unforeseeable consequential costs. In order for a sealant to fulfil its function over the whole lifetime of a building or construction the selection of the right solution and the correct design taking into account all potential influences are key. In addition, joint sealants contribute significantly to energy-efficient, sustainable buIlding design and will thus become even more important in the near future. In this brochure Sika's solutions and concepts for joint sealing are described in detail. Content Joint Sealing Solutions 4 Technical Quality, Services and Support 6 Key Application Advantages of Sika Sealing Solutions 7 Sealing Solutions for Joints in Concrete Facades and for Metal Cladding 8 Sealing Solutions for Glazing and Glass Facades 10 Sealing Solutions for Natural Stone Facades 11 Sealing Solutions for Floor Joints 12 Sealing Solutions for Roof Joints 14 Sealing Solutions for Specialty Joints in Sewage Treatment Plants 15 Sealing Solutions for Specialty Joints in Containment Bunds and Petrol Stations 16 Sealing Solutions for Specialty Joints in Airport Runways 17 Sealing Solutions for Specialty Joints in Silos and Tanks 18 Sealing Solutions for Speciality Joints in Drinking Water Reservoirs 19 Sealing Solutions for Speciality Joints in Swimming Pools 20 Sealing Solutions for Speciality Joints in Fire Rated Areas 21 Sealing Solutions for Interior Finishing 22 Sealing Solutions for Joints in Wet Rooms 23 Solutions for Joint Renewal and Repair 24 Surface Pre-Treatment Products for Sealants 26 On-Site Application of Sealants 27 Construction Sealant Standards 28 Joint Design Principles 29 Project-Driven Performance Requirements 30 2I3

3 Joint Sealing Solutions Introduction Joints and openings between construction ele- ments can be found in different parts of a con- struction, e. g. between precast concrete ele- ments in facades, around windows and doors, at the connection between floors and walls, in storage tanks etc. Joint sealants have to meet various require- ments depending on the function and location Contraction of building elements of the respective joint. The purpose of joint sealing generally is to: nPrevent passage of media (air, water, chemicals, smoke etc.) Structural movements nProvide thermal and sound insulation These movements are caused by settlements nEnhance the visual appearance of the whole of the structure, vibrations or other loads construction (wind etc.) and consequently deform the joint dimensions and hence may stress the sealing material significantly. Why Elastic Sealing? Structural movements often result in shear stress acting on the sealant. Building and civil engineering structures consist of individual elements which exhibit relative movements to each other. There are two kinds of such movements: Thermal movements Changes in temperature result in an expansion Shear loads or contraction of the building elements, i.e. joints become larger (extension) or smaller (compression) continuously. Thermal move- ments are considerably in case of big elements or when different materials are used (e. g. brick Advantages of elastic joint sealants wall and vinyl window frame). In comparison to rigid materials (e.g. cement or mortar) high-performance elastic joint sealants by Sika are able to accommodate thermal and structural movements without breaking or loosing the adhesion to the building elements. These sealants thus retain their original functionality throughout their whole life cycle and provide long-term tightness. Expansion of building elements

4 Joint Sealing Solutions by Sika Sika provides a full range of elastic joint Specific Sikaflex, Sikasil, Sikacryl sealants and accessories for buildings and and other brand sealants are designed for a civil engineering structures with the following great variety of applications including but main advantages: not limited to n Movement capability exactly matching the n Joints in pre-cast concrete facades requirements for a specific joint to ensure n Joints in glass and metal facades long-term functionality n Joints in natural stone facades n Perfect adhesion to common construction n J oints in exterior insulation and finishing materials to make sure that the joint remains systems (EIFS) for wall claddings tight at all times n Floor joints n Ease of use to minimize installation errors n Roof joints and ensure on-time project completion n Interior finishing joints n Optimised visual appearance that meets n Wet-room joints (bathrooms, kitchens etc.) the demands of architects and owners n Joints in swimming pools n High mechanical strength, chemical resist- n J oints in containment bunds (petrol stations etc.) ance and weatherability to ensure excellent n Joints in water and sewage treatment plants performance even under most adverse n Joints in clean rooms (solar industry, semicon- conditions and loads ductor industry, pharmaceutical industry, etc.) n U nsurpassed and proven durability that guarantees longevity As market leader in construction chemicals Sika offers comprehensive and compatible With more than 60 years experience in sealants solutions for all types of building and civil engi- and sealant applications, references on all neering structures (from roof to basement) continents and in all climes Sikas product including high-performance sealants. This full portfolio is designed to fit all requirements range approach ensures reliable and long- reaching from high movement capability to lasting technical solutions for a long life ex- superior UV and chemical resistance. pectancy of the building or structure. In fact, Sika invented one-component elastic Sika develops, produces and supplies many polyurethane sealants and the nowadays very types of quality joint sealing materials globally popluar and waste-reducing foil packaging for and is recognised as the worldwide market sealants. and technology leader in elastic polyurethane The range of products comprises not only (PU) sealants. generalpurpose construction sealants but also virtually tailor-made solutions for spe- Sika provides sealing solutions based on the cific applications such as joints in water and following technologies: sewage treatment plants where maximum n Sikaflex polyurethane (PU) for facade, resistance to aggressive chemicals and micro- floor and speciality joints organisms is mandatory. n SikaflexAT PU-Hybrid (Sika advanced technology which combines PU and silane- terminated polymers, namely MS) for facade joints and speciality joints n S ikasil silicone for facade, highway, glazing and sanitary joints n Sikacryl acrylics for indoor joints, outdoor low movement joints and crack filling Additionally, Sika offers ancillary products such as primers and cleaning agents to complement the sealants range. With Sikas local support in more than 70 coun- tries cost effective, reliable and customised solutions for every joint sealing requirement and standard are available. 4I5

5 Technical Quality, Services and Support Sika offers solutions rather than single prod- ucts. Individualised service and support are a key element to guarantee long-lasting joint sealing solutions that keep their function even under the most difficult and adverse condi- tions. Sikas service and support comprises: n Product selection based on specific require- ments n Advice regarding joint design and dimen- sioning n Specification templates, method statements, project-specific technical documentation n A dhesion, compatibility and performance tests n Recommendations for joint details also in connection with compatible Sikafloor, Sikaplan and Sarnafil flooring and roofing systems as well as Sikagard protective coatings n Applicator training and on-site support n Tailor-made guarantee concepts n Project-specific colour matching nO ptimized supply chain with production locations as well as sales and technical support organizations in more than 70 countries on all continents

6 Key Application Advantages of Sika Sealing Solutions Application properties of sealants are very important mainly for two reasons. Firstly, they have a direct impact on costs and compliance with project time lines because the application rate, extra labour and other factors mainly depend on the sealant properties. Secondly, the easier and the more hassle-free the application of a sealant the lower is the risk for errors during the installation which might lead to failures on the long run. Excellent working properties have therefore always been a core element in the design of sealants within Sika. The combination of sometimes opposed application properties is the fine art of sealant development and requires a good knowledge of the on-site requirements and experience to translate these requirements into a final product. All Sika sealants are optimised for superior workability. 1. Low extrusion force 2. Short cut-off string To ensure a sufficient speed of A sealant should not leave long application mandatory to meet strings of material when stopping project completion dead lines and not to or interrupting the application and the gun is exceed cost limits a sealant must be easy to lifted off as this would potentially contaminate extrude even at low temperatures. Sikas the surrounding area. Sika's portfolio of non-sag sealant range has been formulated specifi- sealants is optimized to have a short cut-off cally to meet exactly this goal. string to avoid unnecessary extra labour and to prevent damages and discolouration of susceptible surfaces. 3. Perfectly matching rheology 4. Easy to tool Rheology is a term that describes Non-sag sealants usually have to the flow of matter. Depending on be smoothed to yield a uniform the application, a sealant must either be com- and visually pleasing appearance of the final pletely sag resistant or flow able to a certain joint. Tooling properties of sealants are therefore degree. A so-called non-sag sealant designed, of great importance. Sika has formulated its for example, for sealing vertical joints in a sealants to provide an optimal skinning time facade should not run down after gunning it allowing enough time for tooling even under into the joint whereas a floor joint applied high temperature / high humidity conditions. horizontally can be self-levelling. Sika has de- Our products also provide enough resistance signed the rheology of each sealant to meet when pressing them into the joint (body) the requirements for a particular type of joint which is very important especially in the case to ensure an easy application in any case. of wide joints. They also do not adhere to frequently used smoothing tools. 6I7

7 Sealing Solutions for Joints in Concrete Facades and for Metal Cladding General Description & Sealing Solutions Main Requirements: Movement Joints Joint dimensions and shapes in concrete and Sikaflex AT Facade Sikaflex PRO-2 HP metal facades are subject to relatively large 1-component polyurethane hybrid sealant 1-component polyurethane sealant changes due to the thermal expansion and n 25% movement capability n 25% movement capability contraction of the building units. The corres- n Low-modulus sealant n Low-modulus sealant ponding movements must be accommodated n Excellent primerless adhesion to porous and n Excellent adhesion to concrete and many by the sealant in order to protect the inner non-porous substrates other building materials parts of the building against environmental n Odourless and solvent free n Cures completely bubble-free influences. The large movements are either due to the size of the single building units Approvals & standards Approvals & standards (e. g. pre-cast concrete elements) or the high ISO 11600 F 25 LM ISO 11600 F 25 LM thermal expansion coefficient of the panels SNJF facade 25 E SNJF facade 25 E (e. g. metal sheets) and temperature variations. DIN 18540 F Additionally, structural movements can play a ASTM C 920, class 25 F role as well. F ISO The main requirements for a sealant in this application are: ISO Typical application example n Low modulus even at low temperatures n Sealing of joints between precast concrete n Excellent weatherability Typical application example elements n High colour stability and UV resistance n Sealing of joints between steel pillars and n Good adhesion to porous and non-porous precast concrete elements in warehouse/ Note: Ancillary Products for Substrate Preparation substrates factory constructions For best long-term performance it is recommended to pre- n High tear resistance treat the adhesion surfaces with the recommended Sika n Paintability Primer, Sika Cleaner or Sika Aktivator. For more details please refer to page 26. n Resistance to cleaning procedures n Defect-free curing

8 General Description & Sealing Solutions Main Requirements: Connection Joints Connection joints are a particular kind of joints Sikaflex AT Connection Sikaflex Construction between inbuilt function elements such as 1-component polyurethane hybrid 1-component polyurethane sealant doors and windows and the main construction n 25% movement capability n 25% movement capability elements of a facade (e. g. concrete slabs). The n Medium-modulus sealant n Medium-modulus sealant main challenge for a sealant in such an applica- n Excellent adhesion to PVC, metals, coated n Excellent adhesion to concrete and many tion is the combination of different materials metals, wood, concrete, bricks and many other building materials (e. g. vinyl window frame and concrete) with other construction materials n Cures completely bubble-free different surface properties and thermal ex- n Odourless and solvent free pansion coefficients. Approvals & standards Approvals & standards n ISO 11600 F 25 HM The major requirements for a sealant in this n ISO 11600 F 25 HM n SNJF facade 25 E application are: n SNJF facade 25 E n Broad adhesion range to porous and non- n ASTM C 920, class 25 F porous substrates n EC 1 (very low emissions) nC ompatibility to various substrates including ISO plastics, paints and coatings F n High colour stability and UV resistance Typical application example n Excellent weatherability ISO n Universal construction sealant for sealing n Paintability of brick work, roller blind boxes and many Typical application example other tasks n Sealing of joints between vinyl or powder- coated aluminium window frames and bricks Note: Ancillary Products for Substrate Preparation or concrete slabs For best long-term performance it is recommended to pre- treat the adhesion surfaces with the recommended Sika Primer, Sika Cleaner or Sika Aktivator. For more details please refer to page 26. 8I9

9 Sealing Solutions for Glazing and Glass Facades General Description & Sealing Solutions Main Requirements The quality and optical appearance of a curtain Sikasil WS-605 S Sikasil WS-305 CN wall and other glass structures are critically 1-component neutral-curing silicone sealant 1-component neutral-curing silicone sealant dependent on appropriate weather sealing. n 50% movement capability n 50% movement capability The corresponding joints are located either n Low-modulus sealant n Low-modulus sealant between different single glass elements or n Excellent primerless adhesion to glass and n Excellent primerless adhesion to glass and metals insulating glass units on one hand or between metals n C ompatible with Sikasil SG, Sikasil IG glass and a frame. n Non-streaking sealant and SikaGlaze adhesives and sealants The individual elements are ultimately subject n C ompatible with Sikasil SG, Sikasil IG to extreme movements due to temperature and SikaGlaze adhesives and sealants Approvals/standards changes, wind load and vibrations, which do ASTM C 920 class 50 affect the joints. Approvals/standards ISO 11600 F & G 25 LM F ISO The main requirements for a sealant in this SNJF facade & vitrage 25 E application are: DIN 18540 F Typical application example n High elasticity and flexibility DIN 18545 E nWeather sealing of glass facades, window sealing n Excellent adhesion to glass and metal ASTM C 920 class 50 n Superior UV stability ASTM C 1248 Sikasil C n Outstanding weatherability 1-component neutral-curing silicone sealant nC ompatibility with insulating glass sealants n 2 5% movement capability F and at least in some cases with structural n Low-modulus sealant glazing adhesives ISO n Excellent primerless to many building materials n Resistant to fungi Typical application example nW eather sealing of glass facades, specifically Approvals & standards structurally glazed facades n ISO 11600 F & G 25 LM n DIN 18545 E n SNJF facade & vitrage 25 E Note: Ancillary Products for Substrate Preparation For best long-term performance it is recommended to pre- treat the adhesion surfaces with the recommended Sika F ISO Primer, Sika Cleaner or Sika Aktivator. For more details please refer to page 26. Typical application example nW eather sealing of greenhouses and conservatories, general glazing applications

10 Sealing Solutions for Natural Stone Facades General Description & Sealing Solutions Main Requirements Natural stones such as granite, marble and sand- Sikasil WS-355 stone are highly sensitive materials when used 1-component neutral-curing silicone sealant on facades. Where an inappropriate sealant is n 50% movement capability used, there may be staining of the joint edges n Low-modulus sealant or streaking, which greatly impairs the optical n Excellent adhesion to natural stone, concrete, appearance of the facade. bricks, glass and metals n Non-staining The main requirements for a sealant in this application are: Approvals & standards n Proven non-staining properties n ASTM C 920 class 50 n Good adhesion to porous substrates n ASTM C 1248 (non-staining on white marble) n Superior UV stability n Outstanding weatherability F ISO Typical application example n Weather sealing of natural stone facades Note: Ancillary Products for Substrate Preparation For best long-term performance it is recommended to pre- treat the adhesion surfaces with the recommended Sika Primer, Sika Cleaner or Sika Aktivator. For more details please refer to page 26. 10 I 11

11 Sealing Solutions for Floor Joints General Description & Sealing Solutions Main Requirements Sealants used for floor joints are required to In car parks floor sealants must be able to: Sikaflex PRO-3 WF have: n Resist traffic loads from cars and cleaning 1-component polyurethane sealant n High mechanical strength machines passing over n 25% movement capability n High abrasion resistance n Retain their properties in direct contact n High tear and tear propagation resistance n Good chemical resistance with oil and fuel n High stability against a great variety of n Excellent adhesion properties n Withstand weathering if used outside chemicals n Superior working properties Depending on the area of application special In pedestrian areas such as train stations or n Non-sag product requirements are important in addition. shopping malls the floor sealant must: n Cures completely bubble-free n Have a sufficiently high Shore A hardness The manufacturing industry and the foodstuff n E xhibit a very high mechanical resistance Approvals & standards industry have a plurality of such demands. to allow a surface flush finish without risk n ISO 11600 25 HM Generally, they need sealants which: of damages n ISEGA approval for foodstuff compatibility n Can withstand traffic loads from fork lifts and n Be resistant against cleaning fluids and n CSM clean room suitable material cleaning machines high pressure cleaning n Are cleanable with high pressure F n S urvive the contact with aggressive cleaning For agents and other chemicals ISO Food n Are compatible with foodstuff Typical application example n Sealing of floor connection joints in auto motive and semiconductor factories n Sealing of floor joints in carparks Note: Ancillary Products for Substrate Preparation For best long-term performance it is recommended to pre- treat the adhesion surfaces with the recommended Sika Primer, Sika Cleaner or Sika Aktivator. For more details please refer to page 26.

12 Sikaflex PRO-3 SL Sikaflex Floor 1-component polyurethane sealant 1-component polyurethane sealant n 25% movement capability n 12.5% movement capability n High tear and tear propagation resistance n High Shore A hardness n High stability against a great variety of n High mechanical resistance and flexibility chemicals n Non-sag product n Self levelling no tooling required n Cures completely bubble-free n Cures completely bubble-free Approvals & standards Approvals & standards n ISO 11600 12.5 E n ISO 11600 25 HM n EN 15651, part 4 12.5 E n EN 15651, part 4 25 HM n ISEGA approval for foodstuff compatibility F ISO F For ISO Food Typical application example n Sealing of joints in shopping malls and factories Typical application example Note: Ancillary Products for Substrate Preparation n Sealing of horizontal floor joints in foodstuff For best long-term performance it is recommended to pre- factories treat the adhesion surfaces with the recommended Sika Primer, Sika Cleaner or Sika Aktivator. For more details please refer to page 26. 12 I 13

13 Sealing Solutions for Roof Joints General Description & Sealing Solutions Main Requirements On every flat roof joint sealants are needed Sikaflex AT Connection Sikasil N Plus to seal different connection joints e. g. between 1-component polyurethane hybrid sealant 1-component neutral curing silicone sealant flashings and the structure or to skylights and n E xcellent adhesion to porous and non porous n E xcellent adhesion to FPO (Sarnafil T) between laminated metal sheets. substrates, e. g. PVC, metals, coated metals, and a wide range of other substrates such The main requirements for a sealant in this wood, concrete, bricks etc. as metals, coated metals, concrete, bricks etc. application are: n Proven compatibility with SikaPlan/ n P roven compatibility with Sarnafil T (FPO) n Excellent adhesion to porous and non-porous Sarnafil PVC Membranes membranes substrates n 25% movement capability n 25% movement capability n Optimum compatibility with the roofing n Excellent UV resistance, colour stability and n Long term resistance against fungal decay membranes and good adhesion to roofing weatherability n Low odour membranes n Paintability nN on corrosive n High UV & weathering resistance n Odourless and solvent-free Approvals & standards Approvals & standards DIN 18545-E ISO 11600 F 25 HM ASTM C 920 class 50 F SNJF facade 25 E EC1 very low emission F Typical application example nC onnection joints on roofs waterproofed with ISO FPO memebrane Typical application example Note: Ancillary Products for Substrate Preparation n Roofing connection joints on roofs water- For best long-term performance it is recommended to pre- proofed by PVC membrane treat the adhesion surfaces with the recommended Sika Primer, Sika Cleaner or Sika Aktivator. For more details please refer to page 26.

14 Sealing Solutions for Specialty Joints in Sewage Treatment Plants General Description & Sealing Solutions Main Requirements Sealants used in sewage treatment plants Sikaflex PRO-3 WF Sikaflex TS Plus have to survive extremely severe conditions 1-component polyurethane sealant 1-component polyurethane sealant and meet high requirements: n 25% movement capability n Resistant to domestic sewage, liquid manure n Durability and good adhesion performance n High tear and tear propagation resistance and numerous chemicals including acids despite permanent water immersion n H igh stability against a great variety of n High tear resistance and flexibility nH igh mechanical strength to withstand strong chemicals and bacteria n High modulus elastic sealant water currents n Durable und constant water immersion n Non-sagging n Resistance to wastewater treatment chemi- n Superior working properties cals and microbiological attack n Non-sag product Approvals & standards n Cures completely bubble-free Tested in accordance with the specification and principles of DIBT (German approval Approvals & standards body for construction products and types of n ISO 11600 25 HM construction) for wastewater exposure n Tested in accordance with the specification Resistant against liquid manure and principles of DIBT (German approval Resistant against silage body for construction products and types of ISEGA Certificate for foodstuff construction) for wastewater exposure C onforms to BS 6920 (drinking water contact) F F For For ISO Food ISO Food Typical application example Typical application example n Sealing of joints in sewage treatment plants n Sealing of steel containers out of enamelled or stainless steel which are built in sections out of concrete Note: Ancillary Products for Substrate Preparation For best long-term performance it is recommended to pre- treat the adhesion surfaces with the recommended Sika Primer, Sika Cleaner or Sika Aktivator. For more details please refer to page 26. 14 I 15

15 Sealing Solutions for Specialty Joints in Containment Bunds and Petrol Stations General Description & Sealing Solutions Main Requirements In areas for the storage, filling and handling of Sikaflex Tank N water polluting liquids, such as petrol stations, 1-component polyurethane sealant storage areas, containment bunds, barrel n Good tear resistance and flexibility stores etc., proper joint sealants help to protect n 25% movement capability the environment, especially the ground water n Excellent application properties against contamination. n High resistance against various chemicals n Bubble free curing The main requirements for a joint sealant in n Non-sag product containment bunds and gas stations are: n Fuel and oil resistance Approvals & standards n High resistance against various chemicals European Technical Approval joint-sealing nH igh mechanical resistance system in areas for the storage, filling nC onformance to legal regulations and and handling of water polluting liquids approvals (ETA-09/0272) F For ISO Food Typical application example n Sealing of containment bunds in a storage area of a chemical plant n Sealing of pavement in gas stations Note: Ancillary Products for Substrate Preparation For best long-term performance it is recommended to pre- treat the adhesion surfaces with the recommended Sika Primer, Sika Cleaner or Sika Aktivator. For more details please refer to page 26.

16 Sealing Solutions for Specialty Joints in Airport Runways General Description & Sealing Solutions Main Requirements Airport runway sealants are applied between Sikaflex-68 TF concrete slabs to seal out moisture and debris 2-component polyurethane sealant from joints on airport runways and taxiways. n Good tear resistance and flexibility n Oil and fuel resistance The most important requirements for an airport n Jet fuel resistance sealant are: n Self levelling n A ll-temperature adhesion & flexibility n Fast curing n Resistance to heavy equipment traffic from airplanes, maintenance vehicles and trucks Approvals & standards n Resistance to aggressive chemicals US Federal Specification SS-S-200E ISO Typical application example nPavement sealing on airport-taxiways and aprons Note: Ancillary Products for Substrate Preparation For best long-term performance it is recommended to pre- treat the adhesion surfaces with the recommended Sika Primer, Sika Cleaner or Sika Aktivator. For more details please refer to page 26. 16 I 17

17 Sealing Solutions for Specialty Joints in Silos and Tanks General Description & Sealing Solutions Main Requirements A special application field of sealants is the Sikaflex TS Plus gasket sealing in silos and tanks which are of 1-component polyurethane sealant various uses, e. g. digestes for biogas, water nR esistant to domestic sewage, liquid manure tanks and tanks for industrial or domestic and numerous chemicals including acids wastewater. These silos and tanks are mostly n High tear resistance and flexibility built out of enamelled, stainless or galvanised n High modulus elastic sealant steel plates which are bolted together and n Non-sagging where the overlapping area in between is sealed with an elastic sealant. Also in case of concrete Approvals & standards tanks and silos elastic gunnable selants are Testing in accordance with the specification used to seal the movement and connection and principles of DIBT (German approval joints tight against the liquid they contain. body for construction products and types of Depending on the filling goods and storage construction) for wastewater exposure temperatures the sealant must meet extremely Resistance against liquid manure high demands. Resistance against silage ISEGA certificate for foodstuff The main requirements for joint sealants in C onforms to BS 6920 (drinking water contact) such tank and silo applications are: n H igh acid resistance especially against F organic acids For n Resistance against liquid manure ISO Food nR esistance against silage liquid nW astewater resistance Typical application example n Sealing of containers out of enamelled or stainless steel which are built in sections n Sealing of concrete silos and tanks Note: Ancillary Products for Substrate Preparation For best long-term performance it is recommended to pre- treat the adhesion surfaces with the recommended Sika Primer, Sika Cleaner or Sika Aktivator. For more details please refer to page 26.

18 Sealing Solutions for Specialty Joints in Drinking Water Reservoirs General Description & Sealing Solutions Main Requirements For joints in contact with potable (drinking) Sikasil DW water e. g. drinking water reservoirs, tanks, 1-component acetoxy curing silicone sealant treatment and filtration plants, sealants must n Specialized for joints in contact with potable not have negative influence on the water quality. (drinking) water n High tear resistance and flexibility The main requirements for a joint sealant in n High UV-resistance drinking water reservoirs are: n Good chemical resistance, e. g. to diluted n Approvals according to the local regulations acids for use in drinking water facilities n R esistance to disinfection agents like chlorine Approvals & standards n No toxic ingredients Meets all requirements of the German Federal n Not metabolisable drinking water approval DVGW W270 and nG ood adhesion to a great variety of substrates Conforms to the KTW recommendations of the German Federal Board of Health F ISO Typical application example n Sealing of joints in contact with potable (drinking) water n F or drinking water reservoirs where approvals according to british regulations are required Sikaflex PRO-3 WF or Sikaflex TS Plus may also be used Note: Ancillary Products for Substrate Preparation For best long-term performance it is recommended to pre- treat the adhesion surfaces with the recommended Sika Primer, Sika Cleaner or Sika Aktivator. For more details please refer to page 26. 18 I 19

19 Sealing Solutions for Specialty Joints in Swimming Pools General Description & Sealing Solutions Main Requirements Joint sealing around and in swimming pools Sikasil Pool is due to the many different requirements one 1-component neutral curing silicone sealant of the most difficult joint sealing applications. n High tear resistance and flexibility n E xcellent UV stability and weather resistance The main requirements for a joint sealant in n Excellent water resistance swimming pools are: n Extremely high resistance to fungal attack n E xcellent UV stability n High chlorine resistance n High chlorine resistance n Non-corrosive nH igh durability while permanently immersed in water F n Mildew and fungus resistance Typical application example n Sealing of joints in and around swimming pools and permanently wet areas Note: Ancillary Products for Substrate Preparation For best long-term performance it is recommended to pre- treat the adhesion surfaces with the recommended Sika Primer, Sika Cleaner or Sika Aktivator. For more details please refer to page 26.

20 Sealing Solutions for Specialty Joints in Fire Rated Areas General Description & Sealing Solutions Main Requirements: Smoke & Fire Protection Fire barriers in airports, schools, industrial Sika Firesil N Sika FireStop warehouses and many other buildings need to 1-component neutral-curing silicone sealant 1-component polymerized silicate sealant be completely sealed with fire-rated sealants n Fire-rated sealant for interior and exterior use n Intumescent outstanding resistance to fire to prevent spreading of fire and smoke from one n 25% movement capability n Inorganic product does neither ignite nor section to the other and to keep the temperature n Superior UV and weathering resistance give off fumes when exposed to fire in the fire averted zone low. n Primerless adhesion to a wide range of typical n T emperature resistant up to +1000C construction substrates n Starts expanding at temperatures above The main requirements for a sealant used in n Low odour +250C such fire barriers are to: n Non-corrosive n E xcellent adhesion to commonly used nM eet the local standards construction materials n E xhibit a high ignition resistance and low Approvals & standards n Can be covered with Sika Firesil N flame spreading characteristics BS 476-20 n Prevent smoke from passing through DIN 4102 B1 Approvals & standards n Maintain its sealing function for as long as ISO 11600 25 LM BS 476-4 (non-combustibility test) possible when exposed to fire ASTM C 920, class 25 ISO F Typical application example ISO n Sealing of non-moving joints in fire compart- ments such as fire doors, chimneys etc. Typical application example n Sealing of connection joints in and around Note: Ancillary Products for Substrate Preparation fire compartments, cable ducts etc. For best long-term performance it is recommended to pre- treat the adhesion surfaces with the recommended Sika Primer, Sika Cleaner or Sika Aktivator. For more details please refer to page 26. 20 I 21

21 Sealing Solutions for Interior Finishing General Description & Sealing Solutions Main Requirements Practically any apartment, office, industrial or Sikacryl HM Sikacryl S other building has interior gaps or connection 1-component acrylic dispersion sealant 1-component acrylic dispersion sealant joints that need to be sealed. Due to the lower n E xcellent adhesion to concrete, bricks, wood n 10% movement capability temperature variations or smaller differences in and other construction materials n E xcellent adhesion to concrete, bricks, wood the thermal expansion coefficients these interior n Easy to sand and other construction materialss joints are not exposed to high movements of n Paintability n Over paintable the adjacent building materials. n Fast drying n Good application properties n Low odour n Durable sealant The main requirements for an interior finishing sealant are F F n Paintability and compatibility with paints n Good adhesion Typical application example Typical application example n Good application properties n Filling gaps and cracks that need to be grinded n S ealing of connection joints with lower move- and painted over after a short period of time ments Note: Ancillary Products for Substrate Preparation For best long-term performance it is recommended to pre- treat the adhesion surfaces with the recommended Sika Primer, Sika Cleaner or Sika Aktivator. For more details please refer to page 26.

22 Sealing Solutions for Joints in Wet Rooms General Description & Sealing Solutions Main Requirements In wet rooms such as bathrooms and lavato- Sanisil Sikasil C ries joints are exposed to cold and hot water 1-component acetoxy-curing silicone sealant 1-component neutral-curing silicone sealant as well as high humidity. Cleaning products, n 25% movement capability n 2 5% movement capability shower gels, soaps and other organic matter in n Long-term fungus and mildew resistance n L ong-term fungus and mildew resistance combination with aforementioned high humidity n Remains flexible in high humidity environ- n Adheres well without primer to typical sub- provide ideal conditions for the growth of fungi ments strates such as tiles, enamelled surfaces, and mildew on the sealant. n Adheres well without primer to typical sub- metals and plastics strates such as tiles and enamelled surfaces n L ow odour The main requirements for a wet room sealant n Solvent-free low shrinkage are n High elasticity F ISO n To prevent mould growth n To withstand a particularly high humidity ISO F n T o have good long-term adhesion under these environmental conditions Typical application example n S ealing of connection joint between shower Typical application example cubicle and tiled wall n Sealing of joints between wall tile and floor tile or joint around bath tube Note: Ancillary Products for Substrate Preparation For best long-term performance it is recommended to pre- treat the adhesion surfaces with the recommended Sika Primer, Sika Cleaner or Sika Aktivator. For more details please refer to page 26. 22 I 23

23 Solutions for Joint Renewal and Repair General Description Sealing Solutions Reasons for joint repair Renovation in case of insufficient Typical tools needed for the renovation with A careful visual inspection is usually enough pre-treatment or a sealant at the end gunable sealants are shown on the photo- to determine if the joint sealing is improper or of its normal life cycle graph below: worn out and a replacement is needed. An old sealant needs to be renovated at the end of a normal life cycle or because of main- Reasons for joint refurbishment may include tenance or quality insufficiency reasons. but are not limited to the following: Usually such joint renovation is done with n F ailures in workmanship gunnable sealants. n Use of unsuitable type of sealant nW rong joint design Renovation with gunnable sealant n Underestimated load n Sealant reached end of its life cycle nC ompatibility issues with adjacent materials To start renovating the joint pick or cut out the (e. g. gaskets) old or damaged sealant using, for example, n E xposure to aggressive chemicals an oscillating knife or similar tools. For cutting n Insufficient surface preparation a variety of professional tools is available (loss of adhesion) (one example is depicted in the left-side photo- graph below). In areas with adhesion loss, mechanical cleaning of the bonding area is Check first the reason why the old sealant not only very important but mandatory. failed and the compatibility of the old sealant with the sealant intended to be used as replacement. If in doubt contact your Sika representative. If the old sealant is based on polyurethane, silane-terminated polymers (hybrids, MS, etc.) or polysulfide it can be replaced with a suitable Sikaflex sealant. When using a polyurethane sealant for joint renewal remains of old polyurethane, silane- terminated polymer based sealants or poly- sulfide can be left in the joint in a layer thick- ness of 0.2 0.5 mm. In order to ensure long-

24 term durability and tightness of the newly Renovation in case of wrong joint sealed joint both the subtrate surfaces as well dimensioning as the old sealant remains should be pre- In this case it will not be useful to renew the treated using the primer recommended by sealant with similar dimensions as the original Sika. If the originally used joint sealant is a joint or a sealant with similar mechanical silicone it must be repaired with a suitable properties again, because the damage is likely Sikasil silicone sealant. to re-occur. If the joint dimensions cannot be changed or sealants with a movement capa- bility high enough to accomodate all loads are unavailable, the only way to re-seal such joints is with rubber profiles (stripes) or tapes. Renovation with joint tapes Preformed elastic joint tapes are available in various dimensions to suit different joint sizes. One of the major advantages of such tapes is Apply the new sealant and ensure proper fill- the fact that they can be used regardless of ing of the joint without gaps. the reason the joint has to be refurbished or Tool the sealant before it starts forming a skin the kind of sealant previously used. The method at the surface. is covenient and almost universally suitable. Is the reason for sealant replacement some kind of incompatibility with the substrate or any adjacent material, either the incompatible Sikaflex Stripe FB-90 material has to be replaced or a sealant that The Sikaflex Stripe FB-90 joint tape is not affected negatively must be used, of system is ideally suited for repair work espe- course. cially when the buildings facade is supposed to be re-coated: n Repairs failed joints without having to cut out existing sealant or bond to incompatible joint side-wall remains n Easy and fast applicable n High UV resistance 24 I 25

25 Surface Pre-Treatment Products for Sealants General Description & Pre-treatment Solutions Main Requirements Many Sika sealants exhibit excellent adhesion Sika Aktivator-205 to a great variety of substrates. is a 1-component alcohol-based cleaner con- In order to build up sufficient adhesion the taining adhesion promotors. The product is substrate surface must be clean, dry and free used to activate non-porous substrates such from any grease, oil, dust, release agents and as metals, plastics, glazed ceramics and various any other substances that potentially could have painted surfaces. a negative influence on the adhesion. Sikas cleaners and activators are products that help Sika Primer-3 N to achieve such an ideal surface for perfect is a 1-component epoxy based primer that adhesion results. Primers enhance the adhesion improves the long-term adhesion of sealantson on difficult to adhere substrates such as certain porous, absorbent materials such as concrete, plastics and significantly improve the long-term but also on metals. adhesion especially under severe conditions. Sika Primer-215 is a 1-component polyurethane based primer that improves long-term sealant adhesion to plastics, varnishes lacquers and even porous materials. A typical application where Sika Primer-215 would be used for substrate pre-treatment is perimeter sealing between vinyl or powder-coated aluminium window frames and brickwork.

26 On-site Application of Sealants Application Steps To create visually appealing and durable joints, you have to consider several points. Below is a description for the procedure valid for porous substrates such as precast concrete. In the case of non-porous substrates the surface preparation is usually different (please refer to Sikas pre-treatment chart for further details) but the other steps are identical. 1. Prepare the substrate: Grind the substrate with a wire brush or other equipment, and clean the dust and friable particles away. 2. Insert a fitting backer rod to the required depth. The width of the backing rods should be 20 30% larger than the joint width. If using a closed cell polyethylene backer rod pay attention when inserting the rod so that it is not damaged by a sharp tool like a screwdriver. It is generally better to use a blunt tool. 3. A pply primer to the bonding area. Use a masking tape if you need sharp and exact joint lines. 4. Fill the joint avoiding air entrapment. Re- move any material excess. 5. Press the sealant against the joint flanks to ensure good adhesion and smooth the joint with smoothing liquid for a perfect sealant surface. Remark: when using masking tape, remove it before skin formation of the sealant. 26 I 27

27 Construction Sealant Standards Sealants amount to approximately 1% of the Sealants is defined after testing the sealants cohesion construction cost of a typical large building and adhesion under cyclic movement according project. However, when a building develops Glazing Sealants G Construction Sealants F to the so-called Hockman Cycle (ASTM C 719). water leaks, these products can become 90% Class 25 Class 25 A class 100/50 sealant, for example, is able to of the problem, with remediation and damage Class 25 LM Class 25 LM withstand an increase of at least 100% and correction costing many times the installation Class 25 HM Class 25 HM a decrease of at least 50% of its original cost. Class 20 Class 20 dimensions under the test conditions. Industry-wide sealant standards, standard Class 20 LM Class 20 LM specifications and guidelines play a significant Class 20 HM Class 20 HM Sealants role in helping reduce the occurrence of above Class 12.5 mentioned leakage problems and are also Subclasses for class 20/25: Class 12.5 E LM= low modules Type useful as tools to educate the designer, user, HM= high modules Class 12.5 P S = single-component and installer. E = elastic Class 7.5 P = plastic M = multi-component There are a great number of international, Grade regional and local standards covering con- As all ISO standards ISO 11600 can be used world-wide but is mainly used in specifications etc. in Europe and the Middle East. P = pourable or self-leveling struction sealants. A selection of important NS = non-sag or gunnable standards is described in more detail below. EN 15651 Class 100/50 ISO 11600 EN 15651 is based on similar test methods as 50 described in ISO 11600. This European standard 35 This standard, issued by the International specifies definitions and requirements for 25 Organisation of Standardisation, specifies the sealants for non-structural use in joints in 12 types and classes of sealants used in building buildings and pedestrian walkways and is the Use construction according to their applications basis for CE marking of sealants within the T = pedestrian & vehicular traffic areas and performance characteristics. It also de- European Union. NT= non-traffic areas scribes the requirements and respective test There are 5 parts of the standard covering I = continously submerged in a liquid methods for the different classes. different sealant uses and the CE marking: According to their applications sealants are Part 1: Sealants for facade elements; M = tested on mortar specimens divided into two different types: Part 2: Sealants for glazing; G = tested on glass specimens n T ype G: glazing sealants for use in glazing Part 3: Sealants for sanitary joints; A = tested on aluminium specimens joints Part 4: Sealants for pedestrian walkways; O = tested on other substrates n Type F: construction sealants for use in Part 5: Evaluation of conformity and marking. building joints other than glazing. JIS A 5758 and Other Important Another classification criterion according to ASTM C 920 Standards ISO 11600 is the so called movement capability Japanese JIS standard A 5758 for sealing and which is also an important value to be taken ASTM C 920 is one of the most recognized glazing in buildings is based upon the principles into account when calculation joint dimensions. national sealant standard specifications issued of ISO 11600 and provides a classification of Glazing sealants (Type G) are split up into two by ASTM International, formerly known as the sealants according to their movement capa- classes class 20 (20% movement capability) American Society for Testing and Materials. bility and modulus. Contrary to ISO 11600 the and class 25 (25% movement capability). This standard is not only referred to when JIS standard defines an additional class 30S Construction sealants (Type F) are divided into to writing specifications in the United States but (S indicates shearing) for glazing sealants. 4 different classes (classes 7.5, 12.5, 20 and 25). also widely in Canada, Latin America, Asia, the There is a great variety of other regional and Additionally, depending on their secant tensile Middle East and other countries or regions, local standards focused on construction seal- modulus a value indicating the elasticity respectively. ants. German DIN standard 18540, for example, of a sealant the sealants are divided into ASTM C 920 covers the properties of cured deals with sealing of exterior wall joints in sub-groups such as high modulus and low single- or multi-component cold-applied elasto- buildings and is valid for joints in brickwork, modulus (= low stress at the sealant/substrate meric joint sealants for sealing, caulking, or concrete and natural stone. Key elements of interface even at low temperatures). Depending glazing operations on buildings, plazas, and DIN 18540 are the adhesion/cohesion behaviour on the actual application one kind of sealant decks for vehicular or pedestrian use, and of sealants and the conduction of external or another can be preferred. The following types of construction other than highway and controls to ensure a consistent quality. The scheme shows an overview of the sealant airfield pavements and bridges. A sealant standard also describes in detail how to classification according to ISO 11600 based qualifying under this specification is classified dimension joints correctly and provides guide- on actual tests of the specific product: as to the type, grade, class, and use. The class lines for sealant application.

28 Joint Design Principles General Design Considerations Low stress at the sealant/substrate interface Floor Joint Design even at low temperatures joints that are too The design of a sealing system involves more deep may either cause severe stresses or take Depending on the loads and location special than just the selection of a sealant with suitable very long to cure and should be avoided. The design considerations for floor joints are nec- physical and chemical characteristics. In order joint depth (sealant thickness) can be limited by essary. Joints in areas with a lot of car and/or to obtain a long-term optimal performance the using suitable backing rods made of closed-cell equipment traffic should be recessed to following considerations are essential as well: polyethylene or open-cell polyurethane foam. reduce wear and tear. On the other hand, n P roper joint design, including correct dimen- The latter are easier to compress and to install, joints in p edestrian areas should be flush with sioning and backup but may take up water and moisture which the surface to prevent injury of people. n T ype and nature of substrates eventually will have a negative influence on n A pplication process and ambient conditions the long-term performance of the sealant. at the time of the installation Therefore, especially for floor joints polyethylene High traffic joints (PE) foam backer rods are preferrable. When Movement capability of the sealant and joint installing such backing materials made out width must fit to the expected movement of the of closed-cell PE care must be taken not to adjacent building elements. To illustrate this damage the rod, because gas released from context a calculation example is given below. the foam may lead to bubble formation within In general the sealant. n T he joint edges must run parallel to a depth Sealant of twice the joint width, but at least 30 mm. This gives the backing material sufficient grip. n F or most sealants, the joint width must be at least 4 times the expected joint movement, which results from 25% movement capability. n T he optimal ratio of joint width to depth (sealant thickness) is 2:1 for facade joints and 1:1 for floor joints (see also tables below). Joint width Backer rod Sealant In many cases a compressible backup material thickness which must be constantly under compression even at maximum joint volume is also used to prevent adhesion to 3 sides. The sealant must be capable of extending and Pedestrian area joints contracting along with the building elements to which it is joined. If adhesion to 3 flanks is not avoided, this free movement is not possible Accordingly, the recommended joint dimensions leading eventually to adhesive and/or cohesive for concrete elements and a sealant with 25% failure as illustrated in the drawing below: movement capability are as follows: Facade Joints Joint distance (m) 2 4 6 8 10 Minimum joint width (mm) 15 20 25 30 35 Sealant thickness (mm) 8 10 12 15 15 Interior Floor Joints To prevent 3-sided adhesion a release agent or Joint distance (m) 2 3 4 5 6 8 polyethylene tape can be used as shown here: Minimum joint width (mm) 12 12 12 12 12 12 Sealant thickness (mm) 12 12 12 12 12 12 Exterior Floor Joints Joint distance (m) 2 3 4 5 6 8 Minimum joint width (mm) 12 12 15 18 20 30 Sealant thickness (mm) 12 12 12-15 15 17 25 Polyethylene tape 28 I 29

29 Project-Driven Performance Requirements Joint sealants must fulfil stringent prerequisites specific for each application and project. In order to meet these requirements Sika has designed sealants which address several of below mentioned criteria and combined them in dedicated products ideally fit for their respective purpose. Excellent Adhesion Fire and Smoke Compatibility F Resistance Adhesion to commonly used construction sub- Sealants are often part of constructions used to Sealants must be designed specifically for strates such as concrete is a prerequisite for a prevent spreading of fire and smoke from one compatibility with adjacent materials such as sealant to maintain its functionality over time. room to the other, from one floor to the other gaskets, backing rods, coatings and paints, High-performance sealants have the advantage or even to another building. other sealants and adhesives, roofing mem- that they bond well also to difficult-to-adhere They must thus be able to withstand fire for at branes, floor coverings etc. Only a confirmed substrates such as certain powder-coated alu least a certain period of time without failing. system compatibility ensures a long term minium profiles and keep their grip even under The exact requirements are usually defined in functionality of all building materials. the most contrarious conditions. For sealing glass units UV-resistant adhesion is mandatory. local regulations and standards which the sealant has to meet. Weathering Resistance Tear Resistance and Traffic and Mechanical Flexibility Wear Outdoor joints are the first barrier against Joint sealants especially in floor joints are Especially for floor joints mechanical and abra- e nvironmental influences such as sunlight, rain, exposed to various mechanical loads which sion resistance is mandatory to resist stress temperature variations etc. Superior Weather- may lead to damages. In order to ensure the caused by traffic, pedestrians and cleaning ability is thus one of the major requirements tightness sealants with high tear and tear equipment. for a sealant. propagation resistance are clearly advan tageous. Chemical Resistance UV-Resistance Colour Stability Resistance to chemical attack is a general Especially facade and roof joints are exposed Especially light-coloured sealants may discolour requirement for basically all sealants (acid rain, to direct sunlight. Due to UV radiation sealants and become yellow when exposed to sunlight cleaning agents). For specific applications such age faster and may develop cracks on the (UV radiation). In order to maintain its original as joints in containment bunds (water polluting surface. Sealants with good UV stability on the visual appearance colour stability is an impor- liquids, solvents, fuels) or swimming pools other hand will not change significantly when tant property of a sealant and something that (chlorine containing substances) the demands exposed to sunlight. is expected by building owners and architects. are even higher. Bubble-free and Deep- Non-staining Properties Accordance with section Curing ISO Approvals Sealants which form bubbles during cure or Most elastic sealants contain plasticizers which Besides specific regulations for particular appli- do not harden uniformly throughout the whole can migrate into adjacent substrates leading cations high-quality sealants commonly have joint have a significantly reduced mechanical to discolouration of the areas next to the joint. to meet international ISO and EN as well as performance, i.e. lower elongation and tear Especially natural stone such as marble is prone local ASTM, DIN, JIS or other standards to be resistance. Bubble-free curing largely inde- to this effect called staining. For projects where accepted by building authorities or specifiers. pendent from environmental conditions is there- natural stone is used non-staining sealants Important sealant standards are ISO 11600, fore of great importance. with plasticizers having no or a very low ten- EN 15464, ASTM C 920, DIN 18540 and 18545 dency to migrate are mandatory. as well as JIS A 5758.

30 Low Odour and Low VOC Resistance to Water Potable Water Suitability Diffusion Especially for indoor applications sealants should Diffusion resistant sealants are required in cases Sealants used in drinking water reservoirs or not release strong and unpleasant odours. VOC where the penetration of water through a joint other potable water bearing areas are strictly (volatile organic compound) emissions should must be prevented. regulated as to not contaminate the water. Local also be as low as possible to minimise health Especially in the case of window connection approvals by authorities are required and only risks. joints its necessary to have inside and outside a certified sealants can be applied. certain level of water vapour diffusion resistance of the sealing system to avoid water conden- sation within insulation material Resistance to Fungi Resistance to For Food Contact Suitability Microorganisms Food Sealants used in wet rooms such as kitchens Joint sealants in sewage plants but also regular Sealants for joints in the food and beverage and bathrooms must be able to resist fungi construction joint sealants in tropical zones industry must neither exhibit any risk for human growth in order to maintain their visual appear- are attacked by bacteria and other kinds of health nor adversely affect foodstuff or beve- ance and not develop a health risk for people. microorganisms. Sealants must therefore be rages. Such products therefore must be equipped designed to withstand these attacks without Usually, foodstuff compatibility must be exter- with fungicides. being destroyed. nally certified. Multiple Colour Shades Clean Room Suitability Paintability Sealants often have an optical function and Sealants used in production plants of the phar- Although elastic sealants are significantly more enhance the visual appearance of a construction maceutical, semiconductor, solar and other flexible than paints they are often painted over. and help to underline the intensions of the industries working under clean room condi- Sealants must therefore in many cases be architect. This requires in many cases sealants tions are required to have very low particle compatible with the used paints, i.e. cure fully in particular colours or a sealant manufacturer emissions in order not to adversely affect the even when painted over and do not adversely able to do colour matching. processes and quality. affect the drying or visual appearance of the paint. Resistance to Water Large Service Cleaning and Pressure Temperature Range Maintenance Water flow and water pressure in drinking water Since sealants are used outside in all climes Facades, floors and other areas where joint reservoirs, sewage plants, swimming pools they must perform their basic functions under sealants are used are frequently cleaned. and similar structures can wear a joint sealant the most severe temperature conditions for Sealants used in such zones exposed to intense severely. To withstand these forces special extended periods of time. Only sealants with cleaning regimes and aggressive cleaning agents products with high mechanical resistance and a large service temperature range are suitable must therefore be able to withstand chemical excellent adhesion even if constantly immersed to withstand temperature extremes. attacks as well as mechanical stress caused by in water are mandatory. the used equipment. 30 I 31

31 Sika Full Range Solutions for Construction Concrete Production Waterproofing Flooring Sika ViscoCrete Sikaplan, Sikalastic Sikafloor Sika Retarder Sika & Tricosal Waterstops SikaBond Sika SikaAer Sika Injection Systems Corrosion and Fire Protection Concrete Repair and Protection Structural Strengthening SikaCor Sika MonoTop Sika CarboDur Sika Unitherm Sikagard SikaWrap Sikadur Sikadur Joint Sealing Grouting Roofing Sikaflex Sikadur Sarnafil Sika Services AG / BU Contractors / Sealing and Bonding / Technology and Concepts for Joint Sealing / 05.2011 / RB Sikasil SikaGrout Sikaplan SikaRoof MTC Also Available from Sika Sika Technology and Concepts for Roofing Sika Services AG Business Unit Contractors Speckstrasse 22 CH-8330 Pfffikon Switzerland Our most current General Sales Phone +41 58 436 23 80 Conditions shall apply. Fax +41 58 436 23 77 Please consult the Product Data Sheet www.sika.com prior to any use and processing. Innovation & since Consistency 1 9 1 0

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